Differentiating the head:
with respect to s, we obtain:
Substituting Equation 7 into Equation 6, we get:
where
¯ = hydraulic conductivity [LT]The negative sign indicates that the flow moves in the direction of decreasing head. defines the flow rate in any direction through a porous medium is proportional to the negative rate of change of head in that direction.= hydrostatic pressure potential [L]
z = gravitational potential [L]