1. Develop an algorithm for computing using the square-and-multiply method indicated in Example 9.1. Implement your algorithm and test it for n=12345; ; and e=0,111, 12344, 54321.
2. Let and let e=5. Given that 863 and 877 are primes, find and compute d such that .
3. The following problems relate to the discussion of the RSA system.
4. You are an RSA cryptosystem user with
public key n=756851 and e=5. Suppose that a number in
is always written as a 6 digit number (padding zeros in front if
necessary). Then the numbers in represent a triple of letters under the
correspondence , , ,
; e.g., . Your
private key is the number d computed in Exercise 9.2. Decrypt the
following ciphertext:
5. Suppose that p is a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4 and c is a quadratic residue modulo p. Prove that is a square root of c modulo p.
6. Suppose Bob is a Rabin cryptosystem user with public key
n=5609 and private key (p,q)=(71,79). With each
number in representing two letters as
in Exercise 9.4, decrypt the following ciphertext:
7. Investigate how to choose a convenient plaintext space for Rabin's cryptosystem. That is, for n=pq, find a subset of such that (a) for all different ; (b) for any , it is easy to decide whether ; and (c) should be large, say of size O(n).
8. Decrypt the following ElGamal ciphertexts. The parameters
are p=3119, , , and d=799. Each number in
represents two letters as in Exercise 9.4.
9. Let p=877 and . Alice uses the ElGamal signature scheme, and her public key is .
10. Suppose that Bob uses the DSA with q=103, , , a=75, and . Determine Bob's signature on the message x=1001 using the random value k= 49, and verify the resulting signature.